Prosody and the Music of Speech

Prosody and the Music of Speech In phonetics, prosody (or suprasegmental phonology)â isâ the utilization of pitch, tumult, beat, and musicality in discourse to pass on data about the structure and importance of an expression. On the other hand, in artistic investigations prosody is the hypothesis and standards of versification, particularly concerning mood, highlight and refrain. In discourse rather than arrangement, there are no full stops or capital letters, no syntactic manners by which to include accentuation as recorded as a hard copy. Rather, speakers use prosody to add affectation and profundity to explanations and contentions, adjusting pressure, pitch, uproar and beat, which would then be able to be made an interpretation of into writing to accomplish a similar impact. Further, prosody doesn't depend on the sentence as an essential unit, not at all like in organization, frequently using pieces and unconstrained delays among musings and thoughts for accentuation. This permits greater adaptability of language reliant on stress and pitch. Elements of Prosody In contrast to morphemes and phonemes in organization, highlights of prosody can't be doled out significance dependent on their utilization alone, fairly dependent on use and relevant components to attribute importance to the specific expression. Rebecca L. Damron notes in Prosodic Schemas that ongoing work in the field think about such parts of collaboration as how prosody can flag speakers goals in the talk, instead of depending exclusively on semantics and the expressing itself. The interchange among sentence structure and other situational factors, Damron sets, are personally associated with pitch and tone, and required a move away from portraying and dissecting prosodic highlights as discrete units. Accordingly, prosody can be used in various ways, including division, stating, stress, emphasis and phonological qualifications in tone dialects - as Christophe dAlessandro places it in Voice Source Parameters and Prosodic Analysis, a given sentence in a given setting for the most part communicates substantially more than its phonetic substance wherein a similar sentence, with the equivalent semantic substance may have a lot of various expressive substance or sober minded implications. What Determines Prosody The deciding variables of these expressive substance are what help characterize the unique circumstance and significance of some random prosody. As per dAlessandro these incorporate the personality of the speaker, her/his mentality, mind-set, ages, sex, sociolinguistic gathering and other extralinguistic features.â Logical significance, as well, help decide the prosodys expected reason, including the mentalities of both the speaker and crowd - extending from forceful to accommodating - just as the connection between the speaker and the topic - their conviction, certainty or decisiveness in the field. Pitch is an extraordinary method to likewise decide meaning, or possibly have the option to learn the beginnings and endings of thought. David Crystal depicts the relationship in Rediscover Grammar wherein he states we know whether [the thought] is finished or not by the pitch of the voice. On the off chance that the pitch is rising ... there are more things to come. On the off chance that it is falling ... there is nothing further to come. In any capacity you use it, prosody is critical to fruitful open talking, permitting the speaker to pass on an expansive scope of significance in as scarcely any words as could reasonably be expected, depending rather on setting and signals to the crowd in their discourse designs.

The Value of Teaching the Book Thief Essay Example For Students

The Value of Teaching the Book Thief Essay The Value of Teaching The Book Thief Supported by all the incongruity and clear shading, The Book Thief is all the more effectively comprehended in the wake of procuring information on perusing writing with more noteworthy consideration and fastidiousness. It is about Liesel Meminger and her history with death, and how she took care of troublesome circumstances with the encounters, how she made due through it with words. There is a passing of a companion, the adoration for a parent, and endurance of the individuals who can take it. Markus Zusak adopted an imaginative strategy recorded as a hard copy the novel that the shocking topic is made moreâ tolerable. The thing about this book separates it from the remainder of the books out there is the storyteller, his name is Death and his main responsibility is to gather human spirits. This book should be educated on the grounds that it is an incredible showing instrument, the novel gives the perusers an alternate point of view of World War II, and the novel has a component of decent variety. Markus Zusak’s way to deal with composing The Book Thief permits perusers to be overpowered and dazzled by the craft of composing. He does this by utilizing a colossal measure of allegorical language. We will compose a custom exposition on The Value of Teaching the Book Thief explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The story unfurls as figurative deliberation with edifying symbolism and interesting analogies. A model symbolism would be, â€Å"The orange flares waved at the group as paper and print broke down inside them. Consuming words were torn structure their sentences† (Zusak, 112). The epic has scholarly gadgets that understudies can figure out how to recognize and afterward adjust it into their composition. Zusak composes The Book Thief in an omniscient point of view, with this the peruser can nearly observe the story through the character’s eyes. The epic additionally has a solid utilize itemized depictions, likenesses, similitudes and analogies. For instance, No, hair like twigs. That is what it resembles when it hasnt been washed. Post for hair like twigs and damp eyes and a fuel whiskers (Zusak, 509). The epic gives perusers a new point of view with Death. The way that Death was given some feeling and even the feeling of empathy, removed the agony from his obligation. Demise didnt need to engage with the lives of people however he couldnt prevent from watching and mindful. He generally gave an admonition to up and coming occasions so that there weren’t shocks, permitting the peruser to get ready inwardly. Zusak aces the ability of hinting in the novel, which understudies can figure out how to distinguish and utilize it in their work. The tale can likewise instruct understudies to place in cliffhangers in their work, just as write in purpose of perspectives on lifeless things. This book will instruct understudies to think outside about the crate when composing. There are images wherever is the book, the peruser simply needs to focus on them. For instance, the dominoes on the front of the book are contrasted with falling bodies. The images incite reflection and acknowledgment in perusers. Indeed, even the robbery of Liesel is representative; the little youngster was looted of a sibling and her mom was detracted from her, a great deal was taken from her and to dole out the retribution she prepares books. Understudies can figure out how to fuse images into their composition. The Book Thief is happens in another period, a cataclysmic one where many didn't have the solidarity to live through it. A period where words are power. The famous despot, Hitler rose to control with words and remained in power with words, the book brings that viewpoint out. The book causes the peruser to acknowledge how amazing words can be in a period where individuals are so powerless. The book is composed from the point of view of a German family in Nazi Germany and because of this adjustment in context understudies will discover that there are different sides to each circumstance. As an understudy myself, earlier perusing The Book Thief, I had consistently accepted that the Germans carried on with a not too bad existence with no hardship while the Jewish endured. Perusing a story that is recounted a battling German family during Nazi Germany was reviving and extremely instructive, as it instructed me that there are various perspectives to everything. .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .postImageUrl , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:hover , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:visited , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:active { border:0!important; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:active , .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c 298dc9858a9ee .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5ecd383a6cf389c643c298dc9858a9ee:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Sumer EssayThe Book Thief tends to a significant component of decent variety. Strict contrasts and the fierceness for deciding to be a piece of that religion is recognized. Liesel’s family chooses to shroud a Jewish man in their storm cellar realizing the outcomes could be desperate. Liesel finds out about the contention continuous between the Nazi’s and the Jews, and why concealing a Jewish man would be hazardous for their family’s lives. She figures out how to be merciful and love an individual regardless of what religion they have faith in. She figures out how to help individuals as much as could be expected un der the circumstances. In a study hall there are understudies with various strict convictions, in any event in an assorted nation like Canada. Despite the fact that the western culture has come to acknowledge different religions, yet there is consistently the intermittent joke segregating the religion. By perusing this novel understudies can perceive how Liesel acknowledges Max regardless of their strict contrasts. For understudies, figuring out how to be tolerating and humane towards all individuals, regardless of their religion, ethnicity, or convictions is a significant part of decent variety and a real existence exercise. The Book Thief is unique. The Book Thief should be educated as it is a great instructing apparatus. The book will permit understudies to distinguish abstract gadgets and use them in their own works. The book will likewise instruct understudies to think outside about the crate when composing, and that there is no limit when composing. The book likewise instructs understudies that there are different sides to each story. The tale additionally addresses a significant component of decent variety, which may permit understudies to be all the more tolerating and merciful of individuals who are of an alternate dispute then theirs.

Morals and Beliefs in Gran Torino

Gran Torino Essay Values are rules that an individual satisfies. It shapes and characterizes what their identity is. Moral alludes to issues of good and bad and how distinct individuals ought to carry on. Virtues are one of the most significant things that we people live for. The film â€Å"Gran Torino† is an incredible case of how our own virtues characterize who we are as an individual. We settle on choices dependent on what we believe is correct or wrong. The film begins with Walt Kowalski who is a single man who clutches his partialities regardless of the adjustments in his Michigan neighborhood and the world around him.Kowalski is a testy, extreme disapproved, troubled an elderly person, who can't coexist with either his children or his neighbors, a Korean War veteran whose prize belonging is a 1972 Gran Torino he keeps in mint condition. At the point when his neighbor Thao, a youthful Hmong youngster under tension from his posse part cousin, attempts to take his Gran Tor ino, Kowalski embarks to change the adolescent. Drawn without wanting to into the life of Thao's family, Kowalski is before long finding a way to shield them from the posses that plague their neighbourhood.The film has fantastic instances of virtues all through the advancement of the primary characters, for example, mental fortitude, balance and magnanimity. Fortitude is appeared all through the film on many occasions. Nobody can say to another person that their ethics aren't right. No one’s good aren't right, our ethics originates from our point of view of what things should be not somebody else’s see on ethics. Despite the fact that in the film, Thao shows fearlessness by attempting to take Walt’s prized vehicle. Despite the fact that it’s an off-base choice to make, he shows mental fortitude and endeavors to do it. It’s a worth that we would all need. To show boldness despite dread itself.Courage is a hard thing to stop by, relatively few indivi duals have it yet Thao exhibits this despite the fact that it wasn't right anyway he rights his bad behavior. Walt likewise shows mental fortitude all through the film, for example, when he pounds one of the group individuals despite the fact that he is very much aware of what they are able to do. The film depicts fortitude by utilizing the entertainers as well as film methods, for example, camera shots. At the point when a character is communicating fortitude, the camera quits for the day their face to show the feeling and demeanor in the eyes and facial development. It enables the crowd to decipher the fortitude on a characters face.Courage is virtue present in the film. Correspondence is another worth we would like to stop by. The film advances from bigotry to correspondence. At the point when Sue becomes friends with Walt, she considers him to be an equivalent not as somebody who is underneath her. In spite of the fact that their races are extraordinary, they show a comprehensio n towards each other and they don’t segregate one another. They regard one another and in this way show fairness towards one another. That additionally occurs with Thao when he becomes acquainted with Walt. Walt demonstrates a comprehension to Thao when they develop nearer and even sees him as a companion. Uniformity isn't constantly present on the planet yet it very well may be achieved.Even the neighbors of Walt, developed to have a comprehension with him who from the start detested him to be white. Anyway equity is in the end a worth that Sue as well as Walt, Thao and their neighbors have. The film exhibits balance as a need in this world. At last, one of the most significant virtues a person can have is benevolence. It is the point at which an individual puts somebody else’s needs before their own. In Gran Torino, one of the most sincere and saddest minutes was when Walt relinquished his life for Thao and the area. He realized that if Thao pursued his cousin  "Spider† he would die.So Walt concluded that he expected to do this for himself as well as for the entire neighborhood. He came to face Spider and the posse, he talked noisily to incite the entire neighborhood and have observers for what he was going to do. He inquired as to whether anybody had a lighter, he at that point ventures into his pockets, as he does this, the posse goes after their weapon in arrangement. Walt gets out his lighter yet making it appear as though he was pulling out a firearm from his internal pocket, at that point decisively the posse individuals had shot him. He was rarely equipped thus the group were charged and went to jail.This penance that Walt made was entirely commendable and was presumably his most significant ethics. He put stock in putting somebody else’s security before his own. This was a virtue that was the most significant inside the film. All in all, these three qualities were shown as the film advanced. It shows that an individual who put stock in their own virtues can be viewed as a legend. By following and having faith in their own ethics, it demonstrates that you can support yourself as well as people around you. Gran Torino was an amazing film about how an individual who followed their ethics can help those out of luck.

Children and Families in a Diverse Society - Free Essay Example

Eliminate Stereotypes in the Classroom ECE 405: Children and Families in a Diverse Society Eliminate Stereotypes in the Classroom Stereotypes are all around us and they occur on a regular basis. They exist in our workplace, at home and in schools. Stereotypes have a â€Å"powerful influence on children’s perceptions of reality† (York, 2006, pg. 151). As educators it is essential that we encourage an anti-bias classroom environment by implementing material in the classroom that reflects multiculturalism and diversity. According to Stacey York, â€Å"many commercial teaching materials are outright stereotypical† (York, 2006, pg. 152). In the classroom, there are many things that teachers can do in order to help eliminate stereotypes in the classroom. At such a young age, children pick up behaviors, attitudes and beliefs from adults. Adults set the example for young children and help build the foundation for life-long beliefs, values and attitudes. Toddlers are â€Å"sensitive and catch feelings from adults† (York, 2006, pg. 15). If a child is in a classroom where the teacher is implementing prejudice attitudes or implementing stereotypical material, the children will pick up on these attitudes towards other students and will be easily influenced by other educators as well. As an educator, one can prevent stereotypes by promoting social skills and social action. This can be done by finding classroom materials that encourage children to engage in pro-social skills and social action by displaying a peace pledge or kindness pledge. Steps can be created for children in order to resolve nonviolent conflict with another. A bulletin board can also be created that is dedicated to recognizing people in the classroom, school, and local community who are working towards making a difference in social change (York, 2006, pg. 153). Photographs and posters of individuals working towards social change can also be put around the classroom and on the bulletin board. Introducing the children to diversity by adding materials that reflect the home cultures of the children in the classroom can help get the students interested in multiculturalism and diversity. Removing any material that is not culturally relevant and stereotypic materials in the classroom can help students gain a better understanding and appreciation for diversity. Adding materials that represent diversity present in the local community and in the United States can also be useful. Various interest centers in the classroom can help eliminate stereotypes by engaging children in a diverse setting with multicultural material. For example, the music area â€Å"offers children a chance to experiment with and enjoy a variety of music and allows teachers to teach children songs with simple words and melodies from other cultures. These songs encourage differences, acceptance and cooperation† (York, 2006, pg. 157-58). In the dramatic play area children act out every day experiences, play out their perceptions of the world, try on adult roles, and explore relationships among people. Dramatic play area also encourages cooperative play and children are able to gain a sense of the lifestyles that are available to them (York, 2006, pg. 158). Stereotypes can be eliminated by children gaining a sense of appreciation for diversity and being able to explore a variety of lifestyles, including family systems, economic class, disability, and culture. Children are also able to play roles of people of different ages, skills and occupations. Material used in the dramatic play area should include multiethnic dolls that are dressed in nonstereotypic play clothes and international meal sets that allow the children to see and explore the different utensils, food and produce used in other countries. Multicultural children’s books can help eliminate stereotypes in the classroom. This material can be used by teachers to introduce culture and diversity. Books that connect children to their home culture are books that should be chosen. Children need to see themselves and their lives reflected through literature. These books help children identify with and feel proud of their home culture (York, 2006, pg. 163). If a book is read that judges the student’s culture, this could cause other students to ridicule peers or later stereotype a person based on the views from the author. Books read to the students should promote confidence in self-identity within a cultural context and should encourage the class in learning together about others. In order to prevent students from picking up stereotypes from literature, it is critical that teachers do not use books that could become problematic and are associated with stereotypes of other cultures. This could influence children’s perceptions of reality. The goal of the teacher in a diverse classroom is to increase use of materials and books that reflect in nonstereotypical ways to children and adults of color as well. Images should accurately reflect ethnic groups in the community and in U. S. ociety in a variety of different work and recreational situations. People of various backgrounds should be shown doing work and engaging in recreational pursuits with their families, not as dependent and passive (Rodriguez, 1998). The world is changing every day. We must learn to accept and get along with all cultures, races, and religions in order to become productive citizens of the world. It is our job as teachers to prepare our students for the real world, and the real world i s a multicultural one (Pre-KPages. Com, 2010). By doing this, teachers can help eliminate stereotypes in the classroom. References: Pre-KPages. Com. (2010). Multicultural Classroom. Retrieved from, https://www. pre-kpages. com/multicultural/. Rodriguez, G. (1998). Critical Issue: Meeting the Diverse Needs of Young Children. Retrieved from, https://www. ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/students/earlycld/ea400. htm York, S. (2006). Roots wings: Affirming Culture in Early Childhood Programs. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.

Essay on Christian Justice and Righteousness - 685 Words

As a reformer, Martin Luther certainly changed the world of the Church. Would you say that his opposition to the existing religious authority of his day could be justified from a scriptural standpoint? How might it not? Which biblical principles affect your own responsibility to promote justice and righteousness when such actions come into conflict with an established order? nbsp; The actions of Martin Luther in the 1500s have reached almost mythical stature among Christians. Luthers deeds had much more radical consequences than he could have foreseen as he first challenged the existing church. He sparked a revolution of thought, a break from the Roman Catholic Church system and a return to a faith based upon Scripture alone.†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment upon themselves. nbsp; But this raises another, deeper question: if authority is to be obeyed, what is to be done when leaders create evil standards? In other words, if earthly administrators go against the law of God, whom should we obey? All of a sudden, the question is not one of obedience after all. Instead, it is one of jurisdiction -- which authority takes precedence when one cannot obey both? A clear answer can be found in the book of Acts, when the apostles first begin preaching the Gospel and healing the sick. Very quickly, the Sanhedrin -- a body of religious leaders that behaved much like todays legislatures -- told them in no uncertain terms to stop. But the apostles continued preaching. Soon, they were brought to trial before the Sanhedrin, and asked why they would not halt teaching in Christs name. nbsp; Acts 5:29 gives us their answer. Peter and the other apostles replied: We must obey God rather than men! The apostles realized that governments are not granted autonomous power. Having been established by God, civil authorities are responsible to uphold his precepts. When they do not, it is the duty of the Christian to stand againstShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Modern Ministry Settings925 Words   |  4 PagesApplication to Modern Ministry Settings Many of the laws concerning justice and righteousness do not seem to be directly relatable to our culture today. For this reason, it is necessary to extract from the text of the Mosaic Law principles that can be employed in modern Christian ministry settings. The primary motivation for doing acts of justice and righteousness is the same today as it was for the nation of Israel. God has shown his grace to us and rescued us from our oppressors; he has workedRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Bible925 Words   |  4 Pagessin. Can see, the crime is a deviation from righteousness. That what, what is it justice? Bible distinguish two kinds of meaning, that is, people of justice and righteousness of God. Deuteronomy 6:25 Festival, said: If we all the commandments the LORD our God commanded careful to do, this is our righteousness. Visible, human righteousness is the law of righteousness. What is the righteousness of God do? Romans 3:21 - 22 says: But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, theRead MoreWho Is The Human Race?871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat promote materialism, and idolatry, such as Christmas. We put an emphasis on Christ being the reason for the season, but go out and spend hundreds and even thousands of dollars on gifts and tell our kids they all come from Santa Claus, but as Christians we get mad at the world because they no longer want to say, â€Å"Merry Christmas† or they spell it X-mas. When Paul went into Athens, he went with the knowledge of their culture and knew how to apply the Gospel to their teachings. Human needs haveRead MoreEssay on The Book of Romans767 Words   |  4 PagesRomans is a very important addition to the Bible. This is written by Paul to the Roman church. Much of Romans is showing the righteousness of God in different ways. â€Å"Romans road† passages are a great description of how to lead someone to christ (His saving righteousness). Falling into this importance is Romans 3:21-26. This is the basis of God’s righteousness in the Death of Jesus (Schreiner p.25). Refering to the different versions of this text, there is not much of a variation. SeveralRead MoreThe Old Testament Is Not Inspired By God1741 Words   |  7 Pagescommand destructions of the Canaanites or any other nation because it would portray God as an immoral God. It would portray God as cruel, unmerciful, ruthless, unloving, unforgiving and unjust which is the opposite of what Christians believe and preach to the lost. Christians today tell unsaved people that God is love, patient, kind, forgiving and he is slow to anger. Therefore God could not have commanded the destruction of nations such as the Canaanites in the Old Testament as it would be againstRead MoreJesus Teaches His Followers ( 5 1-6 ) Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pages7:28), believer and non-believer alike. I. Pursuing righteousness (5:3-6) Matthew 5:3-6 presents the foundational character traits out of which the rest of the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount, and the Christian life must grow. Namely, the believers absolute need for God and his righteousness alone. â€Å"Blessed are the poor in spirit†, â€Å"Blessed are those that mourn†, â€Å"Blessed are the meek†, and â€Å"Blessed are those that hunger and thirst for righteousness† brings out the heart of what Jesus urging fromRead MoreRomans and the Christian Worldview Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesBarbara Underwood Bible 425 November 5, 2012 ROMANS AND THE CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ESSAY Paul’s argument in Romans is foundational to the Biblical/Christian Worldview. Paul brings to realization of what God is revealing to the Christian World. Most Christians do not understand the consequences of not obeying the moral laws and its values. Christians are influenced by other religions because of the lack of understanding the expectations and the fact of being accountable for theirRead MorePeace can be described as a state of being between groups where mutual respect has lead to sense of600 Words   |  3 Pagessacred texts of the religion, most notably the New Testament. Christians have come to understand peace as the practice of values from the Gospel such as love and empathy, â€Å"Love one another as I have loved you (John 13:34).† The Christian scriptures, including the four gospels, build upon the Jewish teaching of â€Å"shalom† by presenting Jesus as means of peace. In the New Testament Jesus Christ is emphasized as a model of peace an d Christian adherents are encouraged to follow his example. Jesus lived anRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act s Purpose Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthe investigation of possible federal violations. Title IX gives the SEC power over bonuses, incentives, and other payoffs wile corporate officers are being investigated, as well as forbid violators to continue working in securities markets. As a Christian, one must follow a higher authority than any manmade board or an ethics code made by the government. Business ethics may have similar standards, but they have a different meaning when implemented from a biblical perspective. If one follows the teachingsRead MoreIn PlatoS Euthyphro, Socrates And Euthyphro Discuss The1734 Words   |  7 Pagesis defined by what the gods love..etc. This question later was raised once again in context of the Biblical God. Thus introducing what is now known as the Euthyphro dilemma. God being a perfect being is one of the most widely accepted notions in Christian, Jewish and Islamic theology. Therefore it is common that many people would follow along the lines of the first definition given by Euthyphro: that good is what God loves and thus good is good because God loves it. People can use this as an excuse

Poetry analysis of When Youre Old by W.B. Yeats Essay Example For Students

Poetry analysis of When Youre Old by W.B. Yeats Essay When You Are Old by using a familiar meter, simple rhyme scheme and by enhancing these forms with effective poetic devices and substitutions. Almost everyone who has studied English has read a play written by William Shakespeare. Yeats uses the same form, iambic pentameter, to create a steady rhythm that Is familiar to many readers. He uses substitution feet to deviate from the regular meter and emphasize the parts of the poem he feels are Important. For example, he uses a sporadic foot to make the alliteration glad grace stand out. To maintain his steady rhythm he also uses pyrrhic feet to rapidly flow through small words and prepositions. The second part of the line, And of their shadows deep; uses one of these feet to keep of from being stressed, adding to the effect of the imagery of the eyes in the past. The use of a simplistic rhyme scheme does not mean the poem is simple by any means. In fact. It is Just the opposite. The use of an ABA CDC FEE rhyme scheme is a strategic decision by the author to help create constant rhythm and repetition. Each stanza is one long poetic sentence that is held together with rhyme. The rhyming couplets in the 2nd and 3rd lines make the rhythm flow. The last word of the 4th line enhances the lyricism, completing the thought by connecting the 1st line with rhyme. Along with his expert knowledge of poetic form Yeats uses a wide range of poetic devices to create rhythm. In this line he uses a substitution foot with alliteration to enhance his theme and make the happy memories more memorable to the reader: How many loved your moments of glad grace. The themes of romance and loss are important and are elaborated on with the personification of Love: Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled and paced upon the mountains overhead and held his face amid a crowd of stars. These devices are used appropriately because they stay within the teddy rhythm that has already been created, adding to its overall effectiveness. In summarization, W. B. Yeats experimented with many forms of poetry In his career and has a deep understanding for the presentation of the subject matter. He demonstrates this by creating a perpetual rhythm that when varied can be analytically recognized. He uses the familiar iambic pentameter; ABA rhyme scheme; and wide range of literary devices to present his poem with a stable rhythm and smooth flow.

Significance of title emperor of ice cream free essay sample

The Emperor of Ice-cream one of the best known poems by Stevens is a poem of ideas picturing a deep amount of sensitivity and sexual implications. The sheet is spread over a womans face while the boys are bringing flowers; this makes sure that a funeral scene is being depicted in the poem. The tone of the poem is celebratory instead of being elegiac.The opening Stanza Of the poem shows that the characters are filled with fun who only value useless and meaningless things and as such they regard ice cream as their ruler or emperor. The reminisce of the funeral of the beautiful woman is also explained who valued an embroidered sheet that was made by her but in the end, she was left with nothing. A heavy element of lust is portrayed in the bowl filled with ice cream which becomes an object of human desire instead of merely being a dairy product. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of title emperor of ice cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poet by using ice cream as a metaphor beautifully explains that just like a bowl filled with too much of ice cream is not good, similarly a life full of too many desires is injurious because no matter how rich, or how wealthy a person becomes he will not gain peace of mind because his or her greed for wanting more will never be satisfied. Just like the woman who was so attached with her embroidered cloth but he had to part with it because of death, all of us have to part with all the tangible and intangible things we love.The poem as the title suggests The Emperor of Ice cream looks funny from outside but when read carefully has a deep meaning inside. Stevens has attached the biggest truth of life, death with a funny note; death comes to one and all and those who stay attached to materialistic desires have to suffer in the end. What is advisable is that one should start De-attaching himself from his surroundings as soon as possible because we must understand the universal truth t hat life will indeed come o an end today or tomorrow. Prevention is as a matter of fact better than cure.The poet also says that though it is essential to disc-associate oneself from the world but till you are alive it is necessary to enjoy life because life is as short as an ice cream, it melts even before we can notice. Just like an ice cream is carved for enjoyment, similarly life is carved by God to enjoy to the fullest. Detachment from material things is essential but this does not mean that one is not entitled to enjoy life. The poet also says that sex and lust are the ultimate truth of life and they should be accepted by the people at large. Significance of title emperor of ice cream free essay sample The Emperor of Ice-cream one of the best known poems by Stevens is a poem of ideas picturing a deep amount of sensitively and sexual Implications. The sheet Is spread over a womans face while the boys are bringing flowers; this makes sure that a funeral scene is being depicted in the poem. The tone of the poem is celebratory instead of being elegiac.The opening stanza of the poem shows that the characters are filled with fun who only value useless and meaningless things and as such they regard ice cream as their ruler or emperor. The reminisce of the funeral of the beautiful woman Is also explained who valued an embroidered sheet that was made by her but in the end, she was left with nothing. A heavy element of lust is portrayed in the bowl filled with ice cream which becomes an object of human desire instead of merely being a dairy product. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of title emperor of ice cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poet by using ice cream as a metaphor beautifully explains that Just like a bowl filled with too much of ice cream Is not good, similarly a life full of too many desires Is Injurious because no matter how rich, or how wealthy a person becomes he will not gain peace of mind because his or her greed for wanting more will never be satisfied. Lust like the woman who was so attached with her embroidered cloth but she had to part with it because of death, all of us have to part with all the tangible and Intangible things we love. The poem as the title suggests The Emperor of Ice cream looks funny from outside but when read carefully has a deep meaning inside. Stevens has Ninth a funny note; death comes to one and all and those who stay attached to materialistic desires have to suffer in the and. What is advisable is that one should start De-attaching himself from his surroundings as soon as possible because we must understand the universal truth that life will indeed come o an end today or tomorrow. Prevention is as a matter of fact better than cure. He poet also says that though it is essential to dish-associate oneself from the world but till you are alive it is necessary to enjoy life because life is as short as an ice cream, it melts even before we can notice. Just like an ice cream is carved for enjoyment, similarly life is carved by God to enjoy to the fullest. Detachment from material things IS essential but this does not mean that one is not entitled to enjoy life.

Pestel Analysis of Titan Watches Essays

Pestel Analysis of Titan Watches Essays Pestel Analysis of Titan Watches Paper Pestel Analysis of Titan Watches Paper Pestel analysis of Titan Watches PESTEL analysis : Pestel stands for Political, Economical, Sociocultural, Technological Environmental, Legal analysis of the external environment affecting the business. PESTEL analysis is done by managers to understand the macro environmental factors affecting the business. These analysis are strategic tools for understanding market growth, market share, latest trends etc. Political factors : These refer to the relevant government policies that affect the business environment. For eg. Tax policy,labour law , minimum wages law ,tariff rates etc Economic factors: These refer to the macro economic factors that may affect the business. For eg. Inflation, Gross National Income, Gross domestic product, REPO rate, reverse Repo rate. Socio-cultural factors: These refer to the various social and cultural factors prevalent in the business environment. For eg. Greater awarness of the people towards environment, changes in taste of the consumers, average age of the consumers etc. Technological factors: These include the technological factors such as RD activity, automation and other innovations which has changed the way business is conducted. For eg MP3 players, IPOD, Iphone, Tele conferencing, cloud computing to name a few. Environmental factors: These include the environmental and ecological factors that affect the business for eg climate change, global warming, and rapid depletion of our natural resources. * Legal factors: These refer to the legal environment in which the business is conducted. For eg. Trade barriers, consumer law, anti-dumping duty, corporate acts. Titan group Titan was formed in 1984 with the joint venture of Tata group and the Tamil Nadu international development corporation. It is mainly present in the watch industry although it has successfully forayed into the jewellery segment with the launch of Tanishq. Some of the notable brands of Titan are Sonata and Fastrack . It has made successful JV with international brands like Tommy Hilfiger,Hugo Boss,fcuk and made their presence felt in India. It has also made foray into eyewear with the launch of Fastrack eyewear and sunglasses. Alongside Tanishq, Titan has Zoya, the largest retail chain in luxury segment. It has a total of 665 retail outlets all over India backed by a committed workforce of around 5000 employees. PESTEL analysis of Titan Political factors : The Watch industry in India was started by the Indian government with the launch of HMT(Hindustan machine tools) in 1961. Till 1991 HMT enjoyed market leadership due to the trade barriers in the form of quantitative restrictions imposed on foreign products. There were very few players giving serious competition to HMT. But the scenario drastically changed with the formation of Titan and the liberalization policy adopted by the Indian government in 1991. As the trade barriers reduced, more and more players entered the Indian Watch industry which has one of the least watch penetration ratio all over the world (27%). Although the Indian government has successfully reduced the taxes and duties on imported watches and components it is still 50 to 60 percent over and above the watch prices in Singapore or Dubai. Due to this smuggling and tax evasion is quite prevalent in India. Economic factors: The Indian Economy is on a boom. It is having an impressive growth of 8-9 % per year which is second only to china. There is a huge influx of foreign investment in India in all the sectors including watch industry. Many International brands are have set up their retail outlets in india. The Indian watch Industry is growing at an impressive growth of 20% for the last two to three years. The luxury and the premium watch segment is the fastest growing segment with 25% growth per annum. The percapita income of the middle class Indian has increased many folds from a meager 500$ in 1990 to 1500$ in 2010. There is a moderate rate of inflation @ 10% per annum which is far below than many developed countries. Indian consumers are more confident than a decade ago and they are buying products which were a dream for their previous generations. More over with the advent of globalization and internet there is no dearth of information about the commodities. Socio-cultural factors : The Indian consumer is highly segmented with respect to the Indian watch industry. The various segments can be segregated as below * The Indian Urban fashion consious elite: This segment of people buy watches as a fashion statement and for them Titan has exclusively launched the ZOYA brand. The watches of this segment range from Rs 1500 and above. This segment is not Price sensitive. Most of them are brand conscious and very few of them frequently change brand. These people have a yearly salary of more than 8 lakhs. * The Indian Urban upper middle class : This segment of people are somewhat price conscious. They want to buy the most stylish watches at the most affordable prices. Titan has launched the Sonata segment specifically to cater this segment. These people are the bridge way between Indian deep rooted values and western fashion statement. This is the reason Sonata has launched Bandhan for married couples. It is a set of two watches for both the husband/boyfriend and wife/girlfriend. This category of consumers wants to get the best thing at the best affordable price. They don’t mind to pay the extra buck if the quality is good. This segment of consumers has an annual salary of 4-7 lakhs per annum. The Indian urban youth: This segment of consumers are fashion conscious. The age group of these consumers is between 15-28 yrs. The sports watch is specifically meant to cater this segment of consumers. Titan launched the Fastrack segment of watches for this segment. This segment wants to buy watches of the latest trends to show a style statement to their peers. This segment is relatively less price sensitive than the Indian Urban middle class. Apart from watches, Titan has also forayed into the eyewear segment with the launch of Fastrack eyewear to cater to the needs fashion needs of the Indian Urban youth. The Indian Urban middle class/Rural middle class: This is the segment where maximum volume of sales takes place. This is the most price sensitive consumer segment. The watches are below Rs 300 range. This segment is catered majorly by the unorganized sector. An unique feature of this segment is that consumers go for metallic watches even though they are heavier and costlier than the plastic ones. Metallic watches gives a sense of sturdiness to the watch which is absent in plastic watches. This is segment is the most price sensitive segment as the disposable income is very less. The consumers of this segment give high importance to warranty. They use watches not for style statement but for tracking time. They treat watches as a lifetime asset and brand plays a very important role in their buying decision. It is very common to find HMT watches that has been bought by the father to be passed on to the next generation. With the mobile phone rapidly becoming an integral part of the consumer’s daily lifestyle, it provides a serious threat to the Indian watch industry. Earlier watches were bought mainly for two reasons to keep a track of time and for alarm. All these features being now widely available in Mobile phones at throw away prices, they are giving a serious competition to the Indian watch industry specifically the segments which are price sensitive. Technological Factors: The Indian watch industry was kick-started by the launch of HMT. HMT produced mainly mechanical watches which dominated the Indian market till Titan was formed in 1984. Titan introduced Quartz watches which were an instant hit in the market. The Quartz watches were based on the Quartz crystal technology which did not need mechanical components for its functioning. After Quartz technology came the digital technology. Digital watches were popular because of their precision and design flexibility . It also drastically reduced the price of the watches making it affordable to the common man. Digital watches are very popular in the unorganized sector which accounts for around 60 % of the total watch market. The luxury bands like Rolex have their own technology which is reflected in their products. Although Titan is moving towards Rural, Semi urban markets but still its majority sales takes place in the urban markets. The majority of its customers are contemporary, trendy internet savvy urban youth. With the advent of online sites like e bay and Amazon. com Titan should also go online with its entire product portfolio. It will also indirectly enhance its international presence resulting in increase in the bottom line. Environmental Factors: The Watch industry is one such industry which has one of the highest scrap age rates. Most of the watches having plastic as one of their major components are not biodegradable causing serious threat to the environment. Majority of the watch components are outsourced from third world countries like Taiwan where the working conditions are very bad. Also most of the electronic components that go into the watch like LED and electronic circuits are not biodegradable. The gases that are formed after burning of these components are major constituents of global warming. Legal Factors: Although the Indian Government has drastically reduced the Import duty and tariff rates still the duty is 50-60 % higher than the actual price. This leads to a lot of smuggling causing a huge dent in the exchequer of the Indian government. This is quite prevalent in the watches present in the luxury segment costing more than Rs 50000. These watches are bought to India by illegal means in completely knocked down(CKD) form and then sold at a considerable discount. Although with the advent of modern retail this has reduced to a slight extent but it is still prevalent widespread. Conclusion: Taking into consideration all these external factors we can safely conclude that Titan is better positioned than ever before to exploit the Indian watch industry. With a very low watch penetration percentage it is expected that the Indian watch industry will grow in double digits in the near future. Although many foreign players have entered the Indian market but they have failed to catch the imagination of the Indian consumers as a whole. It is evident from the fact that Titan has more than 65% market share in the organized watch sector. Indian market is a complex market and Titan is going in the right direction by launching products which reflects the cultural ethos of Indian consumers like Bandhan and Fastrack two entirely different market segments. Titan established itself as the market leader by launching the latest technology from time to time. It outlasted HMT by launching Quartz watches and has kept up with the latest technology by launching digital technology as when was required. It is one single brand that caters to all the consumer segments. It has its products in the luxury segment like Zoya as well as products for the common man below the price range of Rs. 300. With the urban youth(which constitute more than 60% of the population) moving towards a western kind of lifestyle Titan has taken the right step by foraying into jewelry and eyewear. But Mobile Phones fast catching up as a substitute for watches Titan should diversify its business into high-end designer mobiles with a specific focus on watches(like mobile phones designed like a watch) to offer better diversity to the Indian consumers.

Questions on Economic Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions on Economic Principles - Assignment Example The concept of Own Price Elasticity of Demand revolves around the formula of % change in the quantity demanded over a % change in the price (Sloman, 2009). Price Elasticity of Demand (Formula) = %?Qd/%?P The determinants for the Price Elasticity of Demand are the number of close substitutes available, the proportion of income spent and the time period. In this case the cabbages have a number of close substitutes; hence it will be more elastic in terms of the variation in price. The cross elasticity of demand is the reaction of the demand for product A to a variation in price of product B (Sloman, 2009). The formula will be as follows: Cross Elasticity of Demand (AB) = %?QDa/%?Pb In this case the major determinant is the intimacy of the substitute or the complementary good. If good A is a substitute to good B, then a price rise in good B will result in the rise in demand of good A. However, if good B is a complementary good to A, than an increase in price of B will decrease the demand for Good A. Income Elasticity of demand (IED) is the other concept which considers the income of any given individual and the relative reaction of a change in that income to that of the quantity demanded. The determinant of the IED is the necessity of the good. For developed countries, the demand for luxury goods rises quickly with an increase in the consumer income in respect to the demand of basic goods (Sloman, 2009). The formula is as follows: Yed= %?Qd/%?Y The high positive value of the Cross Price Elasticity of Demand (CED) for Magpie against Eagle shows that the two products are very close substitutes of each other. This value of Cross Price Elasticity shows that the two companies are constantly competing with each other. A slight decrease in the price of Eagle products will hugely decrease the Quantity Demanded of Magpie. The concept of advertising and marketing can be related with the Cross Price Elasticity of Demand. The concept of branding and consumer loyalty can be cre ated for any company with intelligent marketing and heavy advertisements. Consumers have a choice when there are competitors competing to win them with the same products. Such a high cross price elasticity of demand for Magpie against Eagle shows that they have not been able to create brand loyalty for its customers. They do not have the market power to reduce the substitution effect i.e. by creating brand loyalty and attracting customers. First let us take the situation of Magpie and the Eagle, with a cross price elasticity of +3.2. It can be interpreted with the formula. CED is the sensitivity of demand for Magpie to an alteration in the respective price of Eagle. The major determining factor for cross elasticity is the extra intimacy of the product to Magpie. The positive value shows that an enhancement in the price of Eagle will escalate the demand for Magpie and vice versa. The large value of a positive 3.2 shows that a 1% increase in the price of Eagle will result in a massive 3.2% increase in the quantity demanded for Magpie. Hence and change in the price of the competitor will be closely monitored by Magpie. This high positive relation shows that consumers are very sensitive to price changes and will shift their interest to Eagle if Magpie increases its prices. There is also a positive relationship between the Quantity Demanded of Magpie and the change in the consumer

Social movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Social movement - Essay Example The homogeneity of the Abolitionist Movement was however soon to be fragmented with the increasing participation of African-Americans in this movement for their emancipation. The involvement of Blacks in the movement made it move beyond its erstwhile minimalist agenda of slave emancipation. The movement gradually began to press for political and social equality in all domains for Black Americans. This perhaps somewhat predictably caused a rift between the White abolitionists and their Black counterparts. The abolitionists adopted a number of measures to have their demands heard. They sent innumerable petitions to the American Congress, wrote pamphlets and treatises giving moral, religious and social arguments against slavery and held conferences and speeches to mobilize mass support for their cause. One of the very first White abolitionist was Benjamin Lay pointed to the moral and religious underpinnings of slavery and termed it a â€Å"notorious sin†. Anthony Benezet, yet another early abolitionist combined a didactic critique of slavery with its economic implications. He argued that if owners of slaves would stop their demand for slaves, the heinous practice of the Atlantic slave trade would inevitably come to an end (Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy). Perhaps the first outspoken Black abolitionist figures were Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. Truth spent a considerable part of her life as a slave before gaining independence through the New York Gradual Abolition Act of 1827. She advocated not merely race equality but was also extremely ahead of her times in advocating gender equality. Douglass on the other hand was an extremely impressive orator who worked in collaboration with leading abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison to speak widely and powerfully for the cause of slave emancipation. Douglass’ numerous writings and speeches went a long way in

World Com and Accounting Ethics Essay Example for Free

World Com and Accounting Ethics Essay Current business and regulatory environments are more conducive to ethical behavior due to many new laws that have been put into effect in recent years. For many companies, especially small ones, the checks and balances are not put into place as well as they should be. With new laws in effect and more and more accountants paying attention to their clients’ accounts, ethical behavior is on the rise although it will take a long time to recover from the scandals that rocked the world beginning with Waste Management in 1998 and following with Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, HealthSouth, Freddie Mac, AIG, Lehman Brothers, Bernie Madoff and Saytam in 2009. For 10 years unethical behavior and choices almost brought our country to its knees and even now many people are losing their homes and their jobs because the economy has still not fully recovered. In 1983 in a small coffee shop in Hattiesburg, MS, the business concept that would become WorldCom was born. The company was to become one of the largest telecommunications companies that would one day rival ATT. WorldCom began as a small long distance telephone company and through an aggressive acquisition strategy, evolved in the second-largest long distance telephone company in the United States and one of the largest companies handling worldwide Internet data traffic. WorldCom achieved its position through a large number of acquisitions and between 1991 and 1997, WorldCom spent almost $60 billion in the acquisition of many of these companies and accumulated $41 billion in debt. With each acquisition, WorldCom’s stock continued to rise as the company became more noticeable, rising from pennies per share to over $60 per share in 1997. As the company grew people sat up and took notice and Wall Street investment banks as well as analysts and brokers began making buy recommendations to investors worldwide. All of this would have ended well if WorldCom had obviously played by the rules but alas, that was not the case. As with any acquisition, let alone 65 of them in six years, management at the top level requires considerable attention to make the merging of the two companies run smoothly. Secondly, the accounting of the financial aspects of each merging company must be accomplished through the application of generally accepted accounting practices (GAAP). WorldCom’s merger with MCI was the beginning of the end. Bernie Ebbers (CEO) paid little attention to the details of the operations and many things began deteriorating, mainly customer service. Customers were told they were not customers, computer systems conflicted with each other and billing systems were not coordinated – a recipe for disaster. Although WorldCom had an immense talent for buying competitors, it was not up to the task of merging them. WorldCom also used their own interpretation of accounting rules when preparing financial statements. â€Å"In an effort to make it appear that profits were increasing, WorldCom would write down in one quarter millions of dollars in assets it acquired while, at the same time, it â€Å"included in this charge against earnings the cost of company expenses expected in the future. The result was bigger losses in the current quarter but smaller ones in future quarters, so that its profit picture would seem to be improving.† (Moberg) WorldCom managers also made their own assumptions regarding accounts receivables which if the money customers owe the company. They chose to ignore the accounts receivables because this allowed for a lower assumption of non-collectable bills which in turn required a smaller reserve fund. The end result allows for higher earnings. All of these practices could continue as long as WorldCom continued to acquire additional companies, using those companies as their â€Å"merry-go-round† to utilize poor accounting practices. Not only poor practices but unethical. In 2000, the merry-go-round stopped when the government refused to allow WorldCom to merge with Sprint. Another accounting practice that that was uncovered was the allowance of the board of directors to authorize loans to senior executives. Mr. Ebbers received a $341 million loan authorized by the board of directors which is the largest amount any publicly traded company has lent to one of its officers in recent memory. This brings concerns about conflict of interest and breach of fiduciary duty but nevertheless WorldCom was not the only company allowing this practice. And on top of that the loan interest rate was as low as 2% which was not much of a return for the company that loaned him that large of an amount. WorldCom’s unethical accounting practices were found by Cynthia Cooper who worked as an internal auditor for WorldCom. Cynthia and her team became suspicious of a number of peculiar financial transactions and began their own private investigation. What they found were multiple entries that were misallocated and unauthorized to the tune of $4 billion dollars in capital expenditures. It appeared the company was trying to represent operating costs as capital expenditures in order to make the company look more profitable. By allowing these kinds of practices and attempting to have others following the same kind of unethical behavior, moral and trust were at an all time low within the company. Beginning in 2002 everything began to unravel. The SEC began an investigation on the company and WorldCom was trying to avoid filing for bankruptcy. Within months they laid off more than 17,000 employees, almost 20 percent of their workforce. By the time it was all said and done, 30,000 employees lost their jobs and investors lost over $180 billion dollars. WorldCom improperly booked $3.8 billion as capital expenditures which improved cash flow and profit over a 5 quarter period. This disguised the actual net loss for 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. It is possible that the accounting irregularities go back to 2000. In simple terms WorldCom did not account for expenses when it incurred them, but hid the expenses by pushing them into the future, giving the appearance of spending less and therefore making more money. This apparent profitability pleased investors who pushed the stock up to a high of $64.51 in June 1999. When WorldCom was stopped from acquiring Sprint they had to find a way to hide their large expenses so that the price of the stock would not go down. They did this by treating $7 billion of line costs as capital expenditures. These line costs were basically rental fees paid to other phone companies to use their phone lines. Up until 2001 these fees (expenses) had always been properly expensed in previous years but when WorldCom placed them in the capitalization category the expense was delayed to future periods which in turn boosted current-period profits. The accounting guideline that made this decision fraudulent was materiality. Materiality refers to the impact of an item’s size on a company’s financial operations. Materiality states that if an item would not make a difference in decision-making, the company does not have to follow GAAP in reporting the item. In this case, $7 billion dollars in expenses makes a huge difference so GAAP guideline should have been followed. Consequently profits for 2001 and 2002 were overstated greatly. This ethical breach could have been avoided long before it became a huge problem basically by maintaining the accounting system from the very beginning. Because WorldCom was more interested in acquiring companies than in merging them properly, accounting systems from various companies did not work together well. After a time and more and more acquisitions it became a huge mess and nobody really had any idea what was right and what was wrong. Senior management used that disorganization to conceal their fraudulent activities. This large of a fraud should have been easily detected by doing a routing comparison of the actual physical assets with a list of the physical assets shown in the accounting records. Following the scandal of WorldCom which closely followed the Waste Management Scandal in 1998 and the Enron scandal in 2001, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, introducing the most sweeping set of new business regulations since the 1930s.

Research Paper -- essays papers

Research Paper In the United States, starting salaries for teachers who have completed a four-year degree are far lower compared to many other professions, which also require a four-year degree. In most states, teachers must undergo testing and other rigorous certification requirements, but they are given the same consideration or status as beginning professionals in other areas. Although attractive incentives are offered, the compensation does not compare to the long hours of work and schooling required for a teaching career. A four-year degree is a requirement in most various professions although the salaries show a significant range in the pay scale. In order to become a teacher in any state a Bachelor’s Degree must be completed from a four-year program at one’s college. Each state has its own set of requirements for its students to complete in order to teach therefore the degree earned is not compatible from state to state (ERIC, 2000, par. 6). Teachers are also limited in the degree earned because they are only able to teach in certain levels (early, elementary, secondary, etc.) and are not able to move around. A paralegal is able to enter their field with just a two-year degree and earn almost $10,000 more then a beginning teacher. With comparison to a computer programmer, a Bachelor’s Degree is required in any computer related field, not limiting the students to a specific program. Also, since computer programmers are in such high demand, companies will higher people with Associates Degrees or provide incentives for non-computer degree people in return for schooling them while they work for their computer degree (Lincoln University). This is unfair and limits teachers to only having one specific career choice... ...stock of options trend. (2000, February 21). Electronic Engineering Times. Retrieved April 7, 2003, from http://www.eetasia.com Greenhouse, S. (2002, October 21). Teachers’ pay: The impact of raising salaries? The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2003, from http://walkingbear.com Litke, G. (2002, October 21). Teacher shortage sets stage for salary increase. WCBD-TV Charleston, South Carolina. Retrieved April 5, 2003, from http://www.wcbd.com/education NEA debate demonstrates complexity of teacher pay issue. (2000, July 5). National Education Association. Retrieved April 29, 2003, from http://www.nea.org Social workers. (n.d.). U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved April 21, 2003, from http://www.stats.bls.gov So you want to be a teacher. (2000). ERIC Digest #282860. Retrieved April 12, 2003, from http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests

Why Has Audience Positioning Towards Gangster Films and Their Main Characters Changed Throughout the Evolution of Film?

â€Å"Why has audience positioning towards Gangster films and their main characters Changed throughout the evolution of film? † â€Å"The crime ? lm is the most enduringly popular of all Hollywood genres, the only kind of ? lm that has never once been out of fashion since the dawn of the sound era seventy years ago. †-Thomas Leitch The central theme of the gangster film has always revolved around law and order and essentially boils down to the Criminal institutions fighting one another or fighting a corrupt authority.Movies such as ‘The Godfather’, ‘Goodfellas’ and ‘Public enemies’ follow the same plot of organised crime. That is what the films are about, seeing as though the central characters operate under their own premise of law, the narratives involve their relationship with the authorities and agencies of law enforcement while the plots are usually structured around the process by which they are brought to justice. But throug hout the evolution of the gangster genre is a central argument reflecting a fundamental difference in audience stance towards the gangster hero.This plays on an Active audience theory as the audience take in the information they are given and pick sides. The contrast of audience opinion is displayed in a variety of different ways. In the film The Godfather, Sterling Hayden (Captain McCluskey) is the official figure, he is quickly revealed to be very brutal and corrupt, being a key person on the Tattaglia's payroll. When some enforcers of the Corleone family protect Don Vito Corleone, McCluskey has them taken away. Michael arrives soon after and realizes this.Soon after, while Michael is guarding the entrance of the hospital with Enzo the baker, McCluskey and his guys drive up and harrass the two, ordering that they be taken in. When the officer refuses, McCluskey hits Michael across the face, badly bruising his face and breaking his jaw. Gangster movies frequently demonstrate that s ociety’s official institutions are as corrupt as the criminals they oppose (politicians in The Untouchables, multi-national corporations in Scarface. this positions the audience on the side of the gangsters in the film and against the authoritative figure. Gangster films dictate audience positioning by setting the Gangsters in the role of the hero in Propp’s Character theory and the official figures as the villains, an example of this being used is. â€Å"The dynamic of every crime film focuses on the relationship between three sets of characters: the perpetrator, the victim and the avenger, but typically gangster narratives seek to undermine and blur the boundaries between the typological figures. †-Thomas Leitch.This quote from Thomas Leicht perfectly illustrates how the narratives of Gangster movies dictate audience positioning by â€Å"blurring the boundaries† between the institutions of the characters. A dominant and largely widespread basis on which Hollywood’s depiction of the underworld is fabricated is the domineering moral view that crime does not pay this may have resulted from early fears of audience reception through out-dated theories such as the hypodermic needle theory in which producers and political figures feared that an audience seeing a life of crime pay would be tempted to stray into the life of organised crime.An example of an early gangster film that shows a ‘Crime doesn’t pay’ attitude is Little Caesar 1931. The main charecters, Caesar Enrico â€Å"Rico† Bandello and Joe Massara follow different paths with Rico following a life of crime and Joe, against Rico’s persuasion, follows a life without crime. Ultimately Joe lives the better life with Rico ending up dead and alone.Modern films such as ‘Lawless’2012 follow a the opposite narrative with crime paying out at the end of the film with the three Bondurant brothers-Forrest, Howard and Jack ultimately beat ing a corrupt authority and saving their money from their bootlegging and settling down to family life although the film still shows that maybe the payoff of crime is not worth it as the consequences for their action s does result in the near death of Forrest Bondurant (Tom Hardy) on two occasions along with injuries sustained by all three brothers and the death of Cricket Pate (Dane DeHanne).Narratives such as these can now exist as the hypodermic needle theory is now recognised as invalid after â€Å"the research movement, led by Paul Lazarsfeld and Herta Herzog, that would disprove the magic bullet or hypodermic needle theory, as Hadley Cantril managed to show that reactions to the broadcast were, in fact, diverse, and were largely determined by situational and attitudinal attributes of the listeners. Showing thataudiences do not just absorb the information they see on screen, such as in the BoBo doll experiment, but rather actively receive the information and choose between a D ominant, negotiated or oppositional reading of the film, this invalidation of the hypodermic needle theory would add greatly to thr rise of the gangster film as films were no longer limited to the â€Å"crime does not pay† narrative set by state censors. This assessment provides the moral foundation to the ‘rise and fall’ narrative that is the central theme for numerous gangster movies.But it is a view that has frequently been respected, reluctantly, and at critical points in the development of the gangster film, only after external intervention. Particularly in that subset of the gangster film that focuses on the Prohibition era, audiences’ positioning echoes that of society more generally: ‘law-abiding’ members of the community started to associate with the gangster who has become a preferred supplier. The 2012 film â€Å"Lawless† is a good example of this with the Bondurant Brothers being more respected and idolised than the authorit ies.These contrasts in audience opinion spread further to the gangsters’ own attitude toward the law and its enforcement. Although in various gangster movies the gang leader is ,himself, a basis of law enforcement inside a closed gangster society (Don Coreleon-Marlon Brando The Godfather), a dominant theme running through much of the sub-genre explores the gangsters’ desire for acceptance in the straight and official world, particularly in those films which locate gangster activity within immigrant communities.Although the gangster film dates back to the early days of the silent era, it wasn’t until the advent of sound that the genre fully came into its own, when real-life gangsters like Al Capone were at the height of their own notoriety the public thirsted for seeing charismatic criminals on screen. Because of the relentless violence and unmerciful nature of the central characters, the gangster film helped to form Hollywood’s Production Code, which mean t that no criminal deeds went without repercussions, even though it was obvious that this was untrue in the real world.Throughout the evolution of film as the Code was ignored by grittier and more realistic films, the gangster movie was an always popular genre that gave rise to some of cinema’s greatest stars and directors i. e. Marlon Brando and Francis Ford Coppola. When gangster movies first started being produced in the 1920’s, audiences were attracted to crime and gangster films because of the way these films were shot, and the images they saw on screen. Audiences started to enjoy these Gangster movies because of the reality they offered about the corrupt political and authoritative figures of the time (prohibition era).The organised crime, violence, and drug use in gangster films made the audience more aware of the government and authorities’ attitude towards the three main problems of organized crime, violence and drug use of the prohibition era. This is one of the main reasons crime and gangster films have continued to remain popular. Organised crime and gangster films have continued help to fill societies need for reality. By using violent male characters and romantic female characters, two main stereotypes of gangster films, both sexes are attracted to this genre of film.Films like Bonnie and Clyde and The Godfather represented a gangster character that was no longer a savage, relentless criminal, rather, a gangster that had become humanized. A study into this genre shift explored earlier film representations and the more classical view of the gangster as a monster such as in the 1932 Scarface, while DePalmas Scarface presents the gangster Tony Montana (Al Pachino) is a psychopathic murderer but through certain scenes in the audience is positioned on the side of Tony.An example of this is the scene where Tony is carrying out a hit on a journalist with a hitman. They are to blow his car up with the explosives in front of the Unite d Nations building, but are surprised to see the man's wife and two daughters enter the car with him at his hotel. Tony, now extremely reluctant to continue with the hit, becomes increasingly agitated with the hitman, who refuses to deviate from Sosa's orders, until Tony completely snaps.In a cocaine-induced rage, he murders the hitman, who was supposed to kill the journalist, screaming at his dead body deliriously. This scene, although portraying Tony as drugged up and about to execute a murder, shows Tony’s conscience and still shows a salvageable character which positions the audience on his side through a negotiated reading of the scene. The audience of this scene broadly accept the preferred reading but use prior scenes in the film to reach the positioning on the character Tony Montana .A study of the plot, setting, characters, themes, motifs, and props found in both films present a different view of the gangster . Many gangster films have remained popular and still cont inue to gather audiences due to them achieving a cult status such as the 1932 film Scarface The plot of the crime and gangster movie has not tended to deviated from the same standard plot throughout the evolution of film: the male character is striving to live the American dream and he does so by getting involved in illegal and often violent activities.This plot leads to the common theme in gangster films which is a male character who wants to live the American dream and that the only way to do so is to become involved in organised crime and becomes deceitful. He begins to lie, steal and kill in order to make money, which is the fuel for their dream. While he is living this lifestyle he falls in love with the female character that is good and wants the male to get out of the illegal mess he is in. He promises her he will, after he does one last job.This last job he does will either land him in jail or in a coffin. Examples of these plots and characters can be seen in movies such asà ‚  Donnie Brasco The early 1930s produced many of the iconic classics like Little Caesar and Scarface (1932) that became the template for other gangster films that followed, usually a poor immigrant who in a pursuit of the American dream and has a quick rise to the top through becoming involved with organised crime, only to fall prey to an even faster fall that ends in a violent death. See paragraph above) although gangster films did suffer shortly after Little Ceasar’s relase in 1932 as public opnion turned sharply against the gangster genre with vast influence from state censors and â€Å"moral guardians† who thought the films unfit to be seen. Newspaper smear campaigns against the gangster genre were launched and even the extremely popular magazine ‘variety’ stated that â€Å"the major industry quit gangster themes because the public just tired of them†.Not until the application of the Production code administration did the Gangster genre effecti vely die out in the 1930’s, although the public opinion had been turned against the gangster genre through popular culture, the justice department who believed that the genre â€Å"encouraged general disrespect for police and a lenient attitude towards thugs† still maintained that the genre opened with an exculpatory preface and closed with a crime-does-not-pay warning.Few critics paid attention to the crime genre before the 1970’s critics were more interested in films that were the very antithesis of the crime film. The crime genre suffered neglect against the westerns which enjoyed renaissance on the big screen. The low budgets of the early crime films resulted in the absence of Technicolor where westerns like â€Å"Shane† 1953 continued to be popular.Not until Alfred Hitchcock gained predominance in the suspense genre which resulted in academic critics paying attention to the crime genre which ultimately resulted in the resurgence of the gangster genre into the public eye. Crime and gangster films will continue to be produced as audiences want a film that gives them a sense of reality. This is an example of Blulmer and katz uses and gratification theory. Since people tend to feel that government officials are corrupt these films will most likely continue to show corrupt law officers and government officials, who are deceiving and lying to the public.Gangster films have become and will remain iconic because they offer audiences escapism and show an audience a glorified life of gangster who are presented as being charismatic character’s that the audience like to imagine they could be The grandeur that is presented in the Characters life also makes the audience believe that maybe crime does pay, but the gangster genre will continue to remain popular down to one of the most basic sides of human nature, greed.As corporate capitalism promoted consumerism the gap between the classes widened, Americans became infatuated with the g angster whose stylish dress and expensive cars yet humble origins defied the boundaries separating social class. As long as a gangster films presents a life of grandeur audiences will use them as a source of escapism. Leitch, Thomas, Crime Films (CUP, Cambridge, 2002) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Thomas Leitch, Crime films- Cambridge press [ 2 ]. Audience Theory-Litnotes. co. uk [ 3 ].Thomas Leitch, Crime films- Cambridge press. [ 4 ]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle_model [ 5 ]. Ultimate book of Gangster movies [ 6 ]. Humanizing the gangster [ 7 ]. The gangster film: emergence, variation, and decay of a genre, 1930-1940 [ 8 ]. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934 page-155-156 [ 9 ]. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934page-156 [ 10 ]. Mafia stories and the American gangster by Fred L. Gardaphe. Ch. 10: pages 110-120.

Police Force And Its Components - 1350 Words

Peruvian Police Force and Its Components: A Study Yvette Nicola Police Administration- Theory and Practice November 12, 2015 Dr. Siyu Liu New Jersey City University When it comes to the topic of policing, countries have different laws and regulations for the police force. Tactics also differ which allow each police force to be unique and distinct from others. In the presentation covered, Peru’s police force was examined. Topics that were discussed include the history and demographics, law enforcement policies, police training, corruption, and female officers. Topics that were covered during the semester that was discussed in this presentation in regards to Peru were community policing and crime mapping/hot spots. With the enlightenment of these topics, one can distinguish between what was learned this semester about the United States police force and Peru’s police force. The first topic that was reviewed was Peru’s police force history and demographics. â€Å"The Proclamation of Peruvian independence was declared by General San Martà ­n in 1821† (The Lima Guide, 2015, p.1). The Civic Militia was created to keep public order. Their duty was to maintain â€Å"public security† within each province. The first constitution of the republic was created in 1823, under the presidency of Don Josà © Bernardo Tagle. On 20 January 1827, during his first presidency, Marshal Don Andrà ©s de Santa Cruz issued a provisional set of police regulations. In 1834 the â€Å"serenos† or townShow MoreRelatedA List Of Robert Peel s Twelve Standards Of Policing Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesproposed consists of the following elements listed below: 1. â€Å"All police officers should be detailed and proficient similar to others within the security industry. 2. Police officers should align themselves with their countries policies and procedures. 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